There are two atypical vertebrae in the cervical region: C1 (Atlas) and C2 (Axis). C1 is named Atlas after the greek god who hold up the heavens. On its superior surface it has two superior articular facets that articulate with the occipital … Continue reading Atypical vertebrae: C1 and C2
Jejunum and ileum comprises the distal portion of the small intestine after the duodenum. Though the basic layers (mucosa, submucosa, muscular is propria and adventia/serosa) remain the same and the mucosa also form villi, there are a few structural … Continue reading Jejunum and ileum
Duodenum is the most proximal portion of the small intestine to the stomach. The mucosa of the duodenum form villi that increases the surface area for absorption. Most unique to the duodenum are the presence of Brunner’s glands in the submucosa … Continue reading Duodenum
Appendix is a small sac extending from the cecum right off the ileocecal valve. One proposed function of the appendix is that it helps maintain a healthy gut microflora by replenishing the gut with pro-health strains that reside in the appendix. Continue reading Appendix
Specimen demonstrating incomplete fusion of the sacrum (notice the S1 region). This was most likely from an individual who was asymptomatic or had mild symptoms. This form of spina bifida is known as spina bifida occulta. Continue reading Spina bifida occulta
Kit Ng, Ph.D. 